(1)In all criminal proceedings except a committal hearing2018, the accused may not give evidence except on oath or affirmation, and if he2021the accused2021 does so, he2021the accused2021 is liable to cross-examination.2021cross‑examination.2021
Section history
Section 291 — Accused not to give evidence except on oath or affirmation
Consolidated view is experimental and may be broken for certain provisions.
(2)An accused who is not represented by an advocate has the right to address the court without being sworn or affirmed in circumstances where, if he2021the accused2021 were so represented, the advocate could address the court on his2021the accused’s2021 behalf.
(3)If an accused —
(a)after being called by the court to give evidence or after he2021the accused2021 or the advocate representing him2021the accused2021 has informed the court that he2021the accused2021 will give evidence, refuses to be sworn or affirmed; or
(b)having been sworn or affirmed, without good cause refuses to answer any question,
the court, in deciding whether the accused is guilty of the offence, may draw such inferences from the refusal as appear proper.
(4)This section does not compel the accused to give evidence on his2021the accused’s2021 own behalf, and he2021the accused2021 will not be guilty of contempt of court if he2021the accused2021 refuses to be sworn or affirmed in the circumstances of subsection (3)(a).
(5)For the purposes of this section, an accused who, having been sworn or affirmed, refuses to answer a question shall be2021is2021 taken to do so without good cause unless —
(a)he2021the accused2021 is entitled to refuse to answer by section 122(4) of the Evidence Act (Cap. 97)202118932021 or another written law or on the ground of privilege; or
(b)the court excuses him2021the accused2021 from answering it.
(6)Subsection (3) does not apply to an accused if it appears to the court that his2021the accused’s2021 physical or mental condition makes it undesirable for him or her 2021to be called on to give evidence.