A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.
Section history
Section 39
Consolidated view is experimental and may be broken for certain provisions.
Amendments
Section 39 — Original text to 10 February 2020superseded
Illustrations2008Illustration2008
A sets fire, by night, to an inhabited house in a large town, for the purpose of facilitating a robbery, and thus causes the death of a person. Here A may not have intended to cause death, and may even be sorry that death has been caused by this act; yet, if he knew that he was likely to cause death, he has caused death voluntarily.
[Indian PC 1860, s. 39]
Section 39 — From 10 February 2020 (current)repealed by Criminal Law Reform Act 2019, Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2020
[Repealed by Act 15 of 2019 wef 10/02/2020]