Back to Penal Code 1871

Section history

Section 477A — Falsification of accounts

As in force on 28 July 2023.

Timeline 6 versions
  1. 30 March 1987 Enacted
  2. 1 February 2008 Act 51 of 2007
  3. 30 November 2008 Revised edition
  4. 1 January 2020 Act 15 of 2019
  5. 1 March 2022 Act 23 of 2021
  6. 28 July 2023 You are here
  7. 17 August 2026 Latest
477A.Falsification of accounts

Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant, or employed or acting in the capacity of a clerk, officer or servant, intentionally and with intent to defraud destroys, alters, conceals, mutilates or falsifies any book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account or a set thereof which belongs to or is in the possession of his employer, or has been received by him for or on behalf of his employer, or intentionally and with intent to defraud makes or abets the making of any false entry in, or omits or alters or abets the omission or alteration of any material particular from or in any such book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account or a set thereof, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 10 years, or with fine, or with both.

Explanation 1.—It shall be sufficient in any charge under this section to allege a general intent to defraud without naming any particular person intended to be defrauded, or specifying any particular sum of money intended to be the subject of the fraud or any particular day on which the offence was committed.

Explanation 2.—Any books, electronic records, papers, writings, valuable securities or accounts or any combination thereof form a set if they serve the same function or purpose in relation to the employer’s affairs or business.